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B
Temperate forests
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C
Mangroves
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D
Tropical rainforests
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Solution
The correct option is D Tropical rainforests
Tropical rain forests occur over equatorial or sub-equatorial regions with abundant warmth and rainfall (200-350 cms/ year) almost throughout the year. The forests are impenetrable with maximum diversity. Productivity is also maximum. Standing crop biomass is highest. These forests occur in the Congo basin of Africa and the Amazon basin in South America.
Epiphytes, mosses, ferns, and orchids are abundant here. Trees include cinnamon, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, rubber tree, nutmeg, Artocarpus, etc.
Lianas ( large woody vines) and epiphytes are more common in the tropical rain forest. They take support of woody trees, climb on them in order to capture maximum sunlight by exposing their leaves on top.