Question

Lichens are usually the pioneer species in xerarch succession. As per the five-kingdom system of classification given by Whittaker, lichens are placed in which kingdom?

• A. Plantae
• B. Protista
• C. Fungi
• D. Lichens are not placed in any kingdom

Answer 1

The correct option is D Lichens are not placed in any kingdom

Pioneer species are the first species that invade a bare area in primary succession.

Lichens are the most common pioneer species in the case of an ecological succession that occurs in dry areas (xerarch succession).

Lichen is a symbiotic association between a fungus and algae where both the organisms involved benefit from each other.

Lichens secrete acids which dissolve rock and hence, help in weathering and soil formation during succession. Soil formation is essential because it will help in invasion of higher plants in the area, ultimately forming the climax community which is in near equilibrium with the environment.

In the five-kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no mention of lichens.

Hence, lichens are not placed in any kingdom.