Question

Match the options of column I with the correct alternative in column II.

	Column I		Column II
P	Restriction enzymes	1	Tumour inducing plasmid
Q	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	2	Cleaves DNA at specific sites
R	Kary Mullis	3	Insecticidal protein
S	Bt	4	Polymerase Chain Reaction

• A. P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
• B. P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3
• C. P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
• D. P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

Answer 1

The correct option is A P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3

The restriction enzyme is a protein produced by the bacteria that cleaves the DNA at specific sites. This site is known as the restriction site. Restriction enzymes are important tools for genetic engineering. They are used as molecular scissors to cut DNA at specific sites.They recognize short and specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA known as the recognition sequences and hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides and cuts through the DNA molecule.

Kary Mullis developed and demonstrated the Polymerase Chain Reaction for the first time and was awarded the Nobel Prize for the same. PCR discovery was revolutionary and changed the way molecular biology research was done.

The essential applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are
PCR is used for amplification of DNA
PCR is beneficial in DNA fingerprinting
PCR is used in diagnosing genetic diseases

Bt stands for Bacillus thuringiensis which produces proteins that can kill insects like tobacco budworm, beetles, etc. The cry gene forms protein crystals that kill the insects when ingested.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a pathogen (bacteria) of various dicot plants is able to transfer a T-DNA (present in Ti plasmid) to convert normal plant cells into tumour inducing cells. The tumour inducing plasmid i.e. Ti Plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is modified into a cloning vector that is not pathogenic to the plant but is capable of transferring the foreign DNA in the cell. It can be modified as per the requirement to insert the desired genes.