Mendel said that the characteristics or traits of organisms are carried from one generation to the next by internal factors which occur in pairs. What is the modern name for these factors?

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Solution

The modern name of the factor is genes. Genes are the hereditary units which carry characteristics that are transferred from the parents to the next generation.

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Q. Gregor Mendel showed that unit factors exist in pairs and exhibit dominant-recessive relationship. These unit factors, in modern terminology are called as

Q. Gregor Mendel's first law of genetics states "Of a pair of contrasted characters, only one can be represented in a gamete by its internal 'factor'.
(a) Give the modern name for this 'factor'.
(b) State where these factors are found in gametes.

Which among the following statements is/are correct with respect to the law of dominance?

A. Each character is controlled by pair of discrete units called factors.

B. In a dissimilar pair of factors one is dominant and the other is recessive.

C. It explains the expression of one trait in $F_{1}$ and both traits in $F_{2}$ generation.

D. Explains the proportion of phenotypes, 3:1 obtained in $F_{2}$ generation.

Consider the following statements and select the options stating which ones are True (T) and which ones are False (F) on the basis of Mendel’s law of dominance.

i. The discrete unit controlling a particular character is called a factor.

ii. Factors occur in pairs known as alleles, of which one is recessive while the other one dominant.

iii. Alleles show blending and both the traits do not recover as such in $F_{2}$ generation.

iv. Factors occur in pairs.

Q. Mendel showed that unit factors, now called alleles, exhibit a dominant/recessive relationship. In a monohybrid cross, the .................... trait disappears in the first filial generation.

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