Question

Name any two structures in mammals that are responsible for the production of concentrated urine.

Answer 1

Production of concentrated urine:

1. The vasa recta and Henle's loop are important in this regard.
2. The vasa recta, Henle loops, and collecting ducts (CDs) all play a role in the countercurrent and co-current exchange of water and solutes in the renal medulla, which is where urine concentration and dilution take place.
3. The osmotic gradient in the outer medulla is created by the strong reabsorption of NaCl from Henle's loop's thick ascending limbs (TALs) (OM).
4. Medullary blood flow and hormone regulation play a big role in the urine concentrating mechanism.
5. Reduced medullary blood flow raises urine osmolality, which can be controlled by the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin's vasoconstrictive effects (AVP)