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Question
Name five diseases with their casual organism and treatment .
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Solution
Dear Student,
The diseases caused by various microbes are as under: Bacterial Diseases
Diseases
Causative organisms
Symptoms
Transmission
Control and prevention
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Weight loss, cough, fever, chest pain, breathlessness, blood-containing sputum Droplet infection BCG vaccine, antibiotics such as streptomycin; quarantining the patient Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Sore throat, skin ulcers Droplet infection DPT vaccine; quarantining the patient; antitoxins, antibiotic prophylaxis Whooping cough (pertussis) Bordetella pertussis Severe cough with whooping sound, vomiting Droplet infection DPT vaccine Tetanus Clostridium tetani Muscular spasms of the mouth and neck regions, convulsions, death due to lack of oxygen Cuts and open wounds in the skin DPT vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid injection Cholera Vibrio cholerae Inflammation of the gut, severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain characterised by rice-water stools Faecal contamination of water and food Antibiotics such as tetracycline and chloramphenicol; clean water supply, properly disposing wastes Typhoid Salmonella typhi Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, headache Faecal contamination of food and water Antibiotics such as ampicillin and chloramphenicol Syphilis Treponema pallidum Pinhead or pea-sized sores with red centre around the sex organs Sexual contact with infected person Penicillin injection; avoiding sexual contact with infected person Gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Burning sensation during urination, feeling of ill health, fever, headache Sexual contact with infected person Antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin; avoiding sexual contact with infected person
Fungal Diseases
Diseases
Causative organisms
Symptoms
Transmission
Control and prevention
Ringworm Microsporum,
Trichophyton,Epidermophyton
Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body like the scalp, the skin and the skin folds such as those in the groin or between the toes, intense itching Generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes and combs of infected individuals Maintaining personal and public hygiene Athlete’s foot Trichophyton Scaling, flaking and itching of affected areas of the feet Generally spread by using contaiminated socks and clothes Try to keep the affected area dry
Viral Diseases
Diseases and incubation periods
Causative organisms
Symptoms
Transmission
Control and prevention
Poliomyelitis (polio);
9−14 days Poliovirus Fever, headache, stiffness or paralysis of limbs Droplet infection, faeces and nasal secretion Administering oral polio vaccine to children in the age group of
18−24 months Mumps;
12−26 days Mumps virus (Paramyxovirus) Swelling of parotid salivary glands, mainly in children Droplet infection MMR vaccine; quarantining the patient Rabies; 14 days to several months Rabies virus Headache, nervousness, fever, painful spasms, fear of water (hydrophobia) Bite of infected animal Rabies vaccine, cleaning bite wound, checking if animal was rabid; immunization of pets and humans with anti-rabies vaccine Influenza (flu); 48 hours Myxovirus (3 strains) Fever, headache, sore throat, muscular aches Droplet infection Influenza vaccine; keeping the mouth and nose covered while sneezing, staying away from infected persons Measles;
10−12 days Paramyxovirus Sore throat, cough, fever, skin rashes Droplet infection Administering MMR vaccine to children in the age group of
9−15 months Chickenpox; 14−20 days Varicella zoster Fever, headache, rashes (which later form crusts on the skin) Droplet infection Vaccination; single attack gives lifelong immunity Common cold; 1−3 days Rhinovirus Sneezing, coughing, sore throat, infection of the upper respiratory tract, fever, chills, headache, nasal secretion Droplet infection Antibiotics; taking adequate rest; covering the mouth and nose while sneezing Jaundice
2-3 weeks
Hepatitis virus High fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, dark yellow urine Contaminated food and water Maintaining good hygiene and sanitary conditions, avoiding stale food Hepatitis B;
6 weeks to
6 months Hepatitis virus Flu-like symptoms, jaundice, nausea, loss of appetite Blood to blood and though sexual contact Hepatitis-B vaccine, 3 doses of the vaccine and one booster dose for children in the age group of 1−3 months, control-injection of interferon on the advice of the doctor, using chlorinated and boiled water, avoiding fatty and protein-rich food AIDS;
28 months HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) Fatigue, loss of weight, dry cough, oral rashes, headache, occurrence of cancers and lung infections Blood to blood and through sexual contact No cure; avoiding sexual contact with unknown persons, screening blood before transfusion, avoiding sharing of needles
​Regards
The diseases caused by various microbes are as under:
Bacterial Diseases
| Diseases | Causative organisms | Symptoms | Transmission | Control and prevention |
| Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Weight loss, cough, fever, chest pain, breathlessness, blood-containing sputum | Droplet infection | BCG vaccine, antibiotics such as streptomycin; quarantining the patient |
| Diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Sore throat, skin ulcers | Droplet infection | DPT vaccine; quarantining the patient; antitoxins, antibiotic prophylaxis |
| Whooping cough (pertussis) | Bordetella pertussis | Severe cough with whooping sound, vomiting | Droplet infection | DPT vaccine |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Muscular spasms of the mouth and neck regions, convulsions, death due to lack of oxygen | Cuts and open wounds in the skin | DPT vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid injection |
| Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | Inflammation of the gut, severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain characterised by rice-water stools | Faecal contamination of water and food | Antibiotics such as tetracycline and chloramphenicol; clean water supply, properly disposing wastes |
| Typhoid | Salmonella typhi | Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, headache | Faecal contamination of food and water | Antibiotics such as ampicillin and chloramphenicol |
| Syphilis | Treponema pallidum | Pinhead or pea-sized sores with red centre around the sex organs | Sexual contact with infected person | Penicillin injection; avoiding sexual contact with infected person |
| Gonorrhoea | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Burning sensation during urination, feeling of ill health, fever, headache | Sexual contact with infected person | Antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin; avoiding sexual contact with infected person |
Fungal Diseases
| Diseases | Causative organisms | Symptoms | Transmission | Control and prevention |
| Ringworm | Microsporum, Trichophyton,Epidermophyton | Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body like the scalp, the skin and the skin folds such as those in the groin or between the toes, intense itching | Generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes and combs of infected individuals | Maintaining personal and public hygiene |
| Athlete’s foot | Trichophyton | Scaling, flaking and itching of affected areas of the feet | Generally spread by using contaiminated socks and clothes | Try to keep the affected area dry |
Viral Diseases
| Diseases and incubation periods | Causative organisms | Symptoms | Transmission | Control and prevention |
| Poliomyelitis (polio); 9−14 days | Poliovirus | Fever, headache, stiffness or paralysis of limbs | Droplet infection, faeces and nasal secretion | Administering oral polio vaccine to children in the age group of 18−24 months |
| Mumps; 12−26 days | Mumps virus (Paramyxovirus) | Swelling of parotid salivary glands, mainly in children | Droplet infection | MMR vaccine; quarantining the patient |
| Rabies; 14 days to several months | Rabies virus | Headache, nervousness, fever, painful spasms, fear of water (hydrophobia) | Bite of infected animal | Rabies vaccine, cleaning bite wound, checking if animal was rabid; immunization of pets and humans with anti-rabies vaccine |
| Influenza (flu); 48 hours | Myxovirus (3 strains) | Fever, headache, sore throat, muscular aches | Droplet infection | Influenza vaccine; keeping the mouth and nose covered while sneezing, staying away from infected persons |
| Measles; 10−12 days | Paramyxovirus | Sore throat, cough, fever, skin rashes | Droplet infection | Administering MMR vaccine to children in the age group of 9−15 months |
| Chickenpox; 14−20 days | Varicella zoster | Fever, headache, rashes (which later form crusts on the skin) | Droplet infection | Vaccination; single attack gives lifelong immunity |
| Common cold; 1−3 days | Rhinovirus | Sneezing, coughing, sore throat, infection of the upper respiratory tract, fever, chills, headache, nasal secretion | Droplet infection | Antibiotics; taking adequate rest; covering the mouth and nose while sneezing |
| Jaundice 2-3 weeks | Hepatitis virus | High fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, dark yellow urine | Contaminated food and water | Maintaining good hygiene and sanitary conditions, avoiding stale food |
| Hepatitis B; 6 weeks to 6 months | Hepatitis virus | Flu-like symptoms, jaundice, nausea, loss of appetite | Blood to blood and though sexual contact | Hepatitis-B vaccine, 3 doses of the vaccine and one booster dose for children in the age group of 1−3 months, control-injection of interferon on the advice of the doctor, using chlorinated and boiled water, avoiding fatty and protein-rich food |
| AIDS; 28 months | HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) | Fatigue, loss of weight, dry cough, oral rashes, headache, occurrence of cancers and lung infections | Blood to blood and through sexual contact | No cure; avoiding sexual contact with unknown persons, screening blood before transfusion, avoiding sharing of needles |
​Regards
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