Question

Name the different cell organelles and the functions these organelles perform in the cell.

Answer 1

Cell organelles:

1. Cell organelles are minute structures found in the cytoplasm of a cell for performing specific life functions.
2. Cell organelles include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, centrosomes, chloroplast, ribosomes and vacuoles.

Mitochondria:

1. Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelle which are considered as the powerhouse of the cell.
2. Mitochondria perform cellular respiration and release energy in the form of ATP.

Endoplasmic reticulum:

1. Endoplasmic reticulum or ER is a network of tube-like structures present throughout the cytoplasm.
2. Being a network, it provides a large surface area for the life functions to take place.
3. It gives support to the cell.

Golgi complex:

1. Golgi complexes are the stacks of thin flat membranes called cisternae.
2. Golgi complex collects and distributes the materials made in the cell.
3. It is also concerned with synthesis and secretion of many substances.

Lysosomes:

1. Lysosomes are only present in animal cells.
2. It is small spherical body which contains enzymes are capable of digesting various cell organelles.
3. The enzymes present in lysosomes also help in breaking down or destroying the various materials.

Centrosomes:

1. Centrosomes are small organelles only found in animal cells.
2. It is located near the nucleus.
3. It contains two tiny granules called centrioles.
4. Centromeres produce spindle fibres during cell division.

Chloroplast:

1. Chloroplasts are green-coloured plastids found only in plant cells.
2. They contain a green-coloured pigment chlorophyll which helps in the manufacture of food through the process called photosynthesis.
3. It is large and oval in shape and has two regions namely stroma (ground substances) and grana (Flat membrane like structure found in stroma).

Ribosomes:

1. Ribosomes are membrane-less tiny granules which help in protein synthesis.
2. It may occur freely in cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Vacuoles:

1. The clear spaces which are surrounded by membrane are called vacuoles.
2. Vacuoles are large in plants and absent in animal cells.
3. In plant cells it provides structural support and stores food and other nutrients.