Name the endocrine glands and their location in the human body. Describe any two of them in detail.
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising of the hormones released by specialised organs into the circulatory system regulating distant target organs . The following are the various endocrine glands and their locations in the body
Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain. It makes hormones that control hormones released in the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus controls water balance, sleep, temperature, appetite, mood and reproductive behaviors, and blood pressure.
Pineal gland. This gland is located in the middle of the brain. It makes the hormone melatonin. This hormone helps your body know when it's time to sleep. This hormone also regulates the timing of other functions throughout the body, such as when puberty starts.
Pituitary gland. This gland is located below the brain. It is often as small as a pea. But it controls many functions of the other endocrine glands.
Thyroid and parathyroid. These glands are located in front of the neck, below the voice box (larynx). The thyroid plays a key role in the body's metabolism. The parathyroid helps regulate the body's calcium balance and bone strength.
Adrenal gland. An adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney. Like many glands, these work together with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The adrenal glands make and release corticosteroid hormones and adrenaline (epinephrine). These maintain blood pressure and regulate metabolism.
Pancreas. This organ is located across the back of the belly (abdomen), behind the stomach. It plays a role in digestion and hormone production. Hormones made by the pancreas include insulin and glucagon. These regulate blood sugar levels.
Ovaries. A woman's ovaries are located on both sides of the uterus, below the opening of the fallopian tubes. The ovaries contain the egg cells needed for reproduction. They also make estrogen and progesterone.
Testes. A man's testes are located in a pouch that hangs suspended outside the male body.
Ovaries : The major hormones secreted by the ovaries are oestrogen and the progesterone , both important hormones in the menstrual cycle. The oestrogen and progesterone both are important in preparing the lining of the womb for pregnancy and the implantation of a fertilised egg or embryo. The oestrogen is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characters . The progesterone prepares the endometrium for the potential of the pregnancy after ovulation. It triggers the lining to thicken to accept a fertilised egg. It also prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that would cause the body to reject an egg.
Testes : The main hormone secreted by the testes is the testosterone , an androgenic hormone. It is important in the first stages of developing the Male reproductive system in a foetus. It causes the development of male characters such as the growth of the facial hair , deepening of the voice and the growth of the facial hair , growth spurt during the puberty. Testosterone is important in maintaining these secondary Male characters in a man’s life . From puberty onwards, testosterone provides the main stimulus for sperm production.
Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain. It makes hormones that control hormones released in the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus controls water balance, sleep, temperature, appetite, mood and reproductive behaviors, and blood pressure.
Pineal gland. This gland is located in the middle of the brain. It makes the hormone melatonin. This hormone helps your body know when it's time to sleep. This hormone also regulates the timing of other functions throughout the body, such as when puberty starts.
Pituitary gland. This gland is located below the brain. It is often as small as a pea. But it controls many functions of the other endocrine glands.
Thyroid and parathyroid. These glands are located in front of the neck, below the voice box (larynx). The thyroid plays a key role in the body's metabolism. The parathyroid helps regulate the body's calcium balance and bone strength.
Adrenal gland. An adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney. Like many glands, these work together with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The adrenal glands make and release corticosteroid hormones and adrenaline (epinephrine). These maintain blood pressure and regulate metabolism.
Pancreas. This organ is located across the back of the belly (abdomen), behind the stomach. It plays a role in digestion and hormone production. Hormones made by the pancreas include insulin and glucagon. These regulate blood sugar levels.
Ovaries. A woman's ovaries are located on both sides of the uterus, below the opening of the fallopian tubes. The ovaries contain the egg cells needed for reproduction. They also make estrogen and progesterone.
Testes. A man's testes are located in a pouch that hangs suspended outside the male body.
Ovaries : The major hormones secreted by the ovaries are oestrogen and the progesterone , both important hormones in the menstrual cycle. The oestrogen and progesterone both are important in preparing the lining of the womb for pregnancy and the implantation of a fertilised egg or embryo. The oestrogen is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characters . The progesterone prepares the endometrium for the potential of the pregnancy after ovulation. It triggers the lining to thicken to accept a fertilised egg. It also prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that would cause the body to reject an egg.
Testes : The main hormone secreted by the testes is the testosterone , an androgenic hormone. It is important in the first stages of developing the Male reproductive system in a foetus. It causes the development of male characters such as the growth of the facial hair , deepening of the voice and the growth of the facial hair , growth spurt during the puberty. Testosterone is important in maintaining these secondary Male characters in a man’s life . From puberty onwards, testosterone provides the main stimulus for sperm production.
