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Question

Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.


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Solution

  • Shiwaliks are the outermost ranges of the Himalayas. Their altitude varies from 1100 metres to 900 metres and their width ranges from 10 km to 50 km.
  • The longitudinal valleys lying between Shiwaliks and Lesser Himalayas are known as Duns. Some of the well known Duns in these valleys are Patli Dun, Kotli Dun, DehraDun.
  • Rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north deposits unconsolidated sediments in these ranges. These ranges are covered with alluvium and thick gravel.
  • The Himalayas are spread over the northern borders of India. Himalayas are structurally folded mountains and geologically young mountains.
  • It runs in the East to West direction from the Brahmaputra to the Indus.
  • One of the most rugged mountain barriers in the world and the loftiest mountains in the world are the Himalayas.
  • The width of the Himalayan mountain ranges 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh and 400 Km in Kashmir and it covers a distance of 2400 Km while forming an arc.
  • The variation in altitudes is lesser in the Eastern half of the Himalayas when compared to Western half of the Himalayas.
  • Along the longitudinal extent of the Himalayas, there are three parallel ranges, and these ranges have many valleys in between them.
  • Himadri or the Inner Himalayas or the Great Himalayas is the Northernmost range of the Himalayas.
  • All the prominent Himalayan peaks can be found in the Himadri. With an average height of 6000 metres, Himadri has the loftiest mountain peaks and it is the most continuous mountain range.
  • The Lesser Himalayas, also known as the Himachal, is the most rugged mountain system. This mountain range lies to the South of the Himadri.
  • Altered and highly compressed rocks constitute this range.
  • The width of this Himalayan mountain range is 50 Km and the altitude varies between 4500 Metres and 3700 Metres.
  • Mahabharat range, Dhauala Dhar range are some of the prominent ranges here, whereas the Pir Panjal range is the most important range and is the longest range.
  • The famous (known for hill stations) Kullu valley and Kangra valley in Himachal and the famous Kashmir valley are located in the Himachal or Lesser Himalayan ranges.

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