Nitration of benzene is carried out with conc. $H N O_{3}$ in presence of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ . The role of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ is to provide :

nucleophile during the reaction

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free radical during the reaction

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electrophile during the reaction

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catalyst during the reaction

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Solution

The correct option is C electrophile during the reaction
Answer:- (C) electrophile during the reaction
Nitration in the benzene ring is an electrophilic substitution reaction, and the electrophile involved here is the nitronium ion, ${N O_{2}}^{+}$ .
$H_{2} S O_{4}$ being a stronger acid than $H N O_{3}$ facilitates easy generation of ${N O_{2}}^{+}$ by protonating the latter.
$H_{2} S O_{4} + H N O_{3} ⟶ {N O_{2}}^{+} + {H S O_{4}}^{-} + H_{2} O$

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