Nuclear attraction is often the deciding control factor for the association of neutral molecules to a given metal ion. Which one of the following represents the correct order of stability of the ions?
$[B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}, [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}, [C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}$ and $[S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}$

[B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}

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[C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}

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[S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}

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[B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}

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Solution

The correct option is C $[B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}$
Tendency to form complex ions depends upon the smaller size and high nuclear charge. As the size of alkaline earth metal ions increases in the following order .
$B e^{2 +} < M g^{2 +} < C a^{2 +} < S r^{2 +}$
Thus, the correct . order of stability of hydrated ions of alkaline earth metals
$[B e (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [M g (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [C a (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +} > [S r (H_{2} O)_{4}]^{2 +}$

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