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Question

o-nitrophenol is more volatile than p-nitrophenol because of:

A
Steric hindrance
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B
Hyperconjugation
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C
Intra-molecular H-bonding
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D
Resonance
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Solution

The correct option is C Intra-molecular H-bonding
In the case of o-nitrophenol, intramolecular hydrogen bonding is present.
Intra molecular H-bonding in o-nitrophenol involves only single molecule, thus low B.P and high volatile nature.

In the case of p - nitrophenol, intermolecular hydrogen bonding is present due to which molecules are accomodated closer. Hence, it is less volatile than o-nitrophenol.



When both the compounds are boiled, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding increases the boiling point. Therefore o-nitrophenol has less boiling point and is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol.

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