Question

On the basis of ionization explain classification of acids and bases with suitable examples. Classify acids/bases on the basis of the amount of water present in the solution.

Answer 1

Acids and bases undergo ionisation in water

The ionisation of acids and bases increases with an increase in dilution

Acids and bases are classified based on ionisation as follows.

• If acids are completely ionized in water, then they are strong acids. Examples-$\mathrm{HCl},{\mathrm{HNO}}_3,{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$

$\mathrm{HCl}\to {\mathrm{H}}^{+}+{\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}(100\mathrm{percent}\mathrm{Ionised})$

• If bases are completely ionised in water, they are known as strong bases. Examples- NaOH, KOH

$\mathrm{Ba}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2\to {\mathrm{Ba}}^{2+}+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}(100\mathrm{percent}\mathrm{Ionised})$

Classification of acids and bases based on the amount of water present in solution:

1. Concentrated acids: Acid solution having a higher percentage of acids than water is known as concentrated acids.
2. Dilute acids: Acid solutions having water in higher amounts than acid are dilute acids.
3. Concentrated bases: These have a higher percentage of bases and a low percentage of water.
4. Dilute bases: These are aqueous solutions having a low percentage of base and a higher percentage of water.

Acids and bases are classified into two kinds based on the amount of water present in the solution.

1. Concentrated acid/ bases
2. Dilute acids or bases