Question

On what principle are the following methods of separation based? Give one example of a mixture for each of the methods mentioned in which they are used.​
Fractional distillation​

Answer 1

• The basic principle of fractional distillation is that the different liquids boil at their boiling point at different temperatures. ​ ​
• The process of fractional distillation is used for separating the components of a homogeneous liquid-liquid mixture.​ ​
• It is used when difference in boiling points of the liquids is 25℃ or higher.​ ​

Example: ​
Mixture of water and alcohol. ​

• Alcohol having a lower boiling temperature than water boils quickly.
• ​ The vapours of alcohol are collected and cooled while water is left behind in the original vessel.​