Question

Justify that electrons are universal constituence if all atoms?

Answer 1

Electron are the universal constituent of all the elements is justified by the J.J.Thomson in cathode rays experiment.

Cathode rays are nothing but beams of electrons, all of which are identical so the charge to mass ratio (e/m) of cathode rays is same for all gases i.e. cathode rays do not depend on nature of gas.By performing a series of experiments, Thomson proved that whatever gas be taken in the discharge tube and whatever be the material of the electrodes, the value of e/m is always the same. Electrons are thus common universal constituents of all atoms is justified..