Rowlatt Act of 1919 named after British judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt effectively authorized the government to imprison for a maximum period of two years, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism living in the Raj. The Rowlatt Act gave British imperial authorities power to deal with revolutionary activities. But in this course of action even the innocent people were targeted and had no scope of " vakil, appeal or dalil". By this act, the British severely clamped the rights of Indians. Hence, they opposed this Act.
Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April.Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down.