what is atmospheric refraction and why does it happen?also why does white light splits into seven colours when passed through prism?
Refraction of sun light by the atmosphere of the earth is called atmospheric refraction. Out atmosphere is made up of layers of air with different densities. Since speed of light alters each time it moves from one layer of air to another, we observe atmospheric refraction.
The phenomenon of splitting of light into its constituent colors is called dispersion. When light passes through one face of a prism it gets deviated because of refraction. The deviation is different for different wavelengths of light. Since different colors of light have different wavelength, the deviation for different color is different. As a result, when the light emerges from the other face of the prism we observe the seven constituent of light.