what is mean by imperfection in solid?

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Solution

The term imperfection is generally used to denote departure from perfectly ordered state of constituents of the crystals. These imperfection will not only change the properties of the crystals but also give rise to the new properties.
There are commonly two types of imperfection-
(i) Electronic imperfection- These corresponds to defects in ionic crystals due to the electrons.
(ii) Atomic imperfection- The defects which arise due to the irregularity or deviations from ideal arrangement of atoms around a point or an atom in a crystalline substance are called atomic imperfections

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