Write the function of the following
a) endoplasmic reticulum
b) lysosomes
Write the function of the following
a) endoplasmic reticulum
b) lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum or ER, is an interconnected network of membranous structures like tubules, vesicles, and cisternae. Cisternae are the flattened disk-like membranous structures. Tubules are tubular in shape, while vesicles are sac-like structures.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, namely smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). When ribosomes get attached to the surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, it becomes rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER synthesizes fats and lipids.
It also takes part in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
It actively participates in drug detoxification.
It maintains the calcium ion concentration in the cytosol.
Functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Most of the lysosomal proteins are produced in the rough ER.
It transports proteins to various destinations like the plasma membrane.
This is the major site of glycosylation (addition of carbohydrates in proteins).
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicles, which contain digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes like acid hydrolase. They digest a variety of substances including worn out organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria. They are also known as ‘suicide-bags’ of cells as they burst out and release hydrolytic enzymes in the cytosol, where cells are heavily injured.
Functions of lysosomes:
They digest macromolecules by phagocytosis, endocytosis, or autophagy
They also take part in auto-cell lysis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum or ER, is an interconnected network of membranous structures like tubules, vesicles, and cisternae. Cisternae are the flattened disk-like membranous structures. Tubules are tubular in shape, while vesicles are sac-like structures.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, namely smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). When ribosomes get attached to the surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, it becomes rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER synthesizes fats and lipids.
It also takes part in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
It actively participates in drug detoxification.
It maintains the calcium ion concentration in the cytosol.
Functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Most of the lysosomal proteins are produced in the rough ER.
It transports proteins to various destinations like the plasma membrane.
This is the major site of glycosylation (addition of carbohydrates in proteins).
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicles, which contain digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes like acid hydrolase. They digest a variety of substances including worn out organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria. They are also known as ‘suicide-bags’ of cells as they burst out and release hydrolytic enzymes in the cytosol, where cells are heavily injured.
Functions of lysosomes:
They digest macromolecules by phagocytosis, endocytosis, or autophagy
They also take part in auto-cell lysis.
