Passive absorption of water by root system is the result of

Forces created in the cells of the root

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Increased respiratory activity in root cells

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Tension on the cell sap due to transpiration

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Osmotic force in the root system

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Solution

The correct option is C Tension on the cell sap due to transpiration
Transpiration pull generates a tension in the continuous water column in the xylem elements, which lifts up the water and is also responsible for absorption of water. It does not require energy as it takes place towards the gradient.
So, the correct answer is option C.

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