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Question

Permanent hardness is due to presence of soluble salts of Mg and Ca in the form of chlorides and sulphates in H2O. It can be removed by:

A
boiling
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B
Clark's method
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C
treatment with Na2CO3
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D
all of these
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Solution

The correct option is C treatment with Na2CO3
Answer:-
Sodium carbonate can remove temporary and permanent hardness from water. Sodium carbonate is soluble but calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are insoluble.
The carbonate ions from sodium carbonate react with the calcium and magnesium ions in the water to produce insoluble precipitates.
Ca+2(aq.)+Na2CO3(aq.)CaCO3(s)+2Na+(aq.)
Mg+2(aq.)+Na2CO3(aq.)MgCO3(s)+2Na+(aq.)

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