Permanent hardness of water can be removed by adding calgon $(N a P O_{3})_{6}$ . This is an example of:

Adsorption

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Exchange of ions

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Precipitation

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None of these

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Solution

The correct option is B Exchange of ions
Calgon ( $N a_{6} P_{6} O_{18}$ ) ionizes to give a complex anion. The addition of calgon to hard water causes the calcium and magnesium ions from hard water to displace the sodium ion from the anion of Calgon.
$N a_{2} [N a_{4} (P O_{3})_{6}] + 2 C a^{2 +} \to N a_{2} [C a_{2} (P O_{3})_{6}] + 4 N a^{+}$

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(N a P O_{3})_{6}

(N a P O_{3})_{6}

Permanent hardness of water can be removed by adding ____.

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