Permanent hardness of water can be removed by Calgon method.
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Solution

Calgon is a trade name of a complex salt, sodium hexametaphosphate, $(N a P O_{3})_{6}$ . It is used for softening hard water. Calgon ionizes to give a complex anion:
$(N a P O_{3})_{6} or N a_{2} (N a_{4} P_{6} O_{18}) \to 2 N a^{+} + N a_{4} P_{6} O_{18}^{2 -}$
The addition of Calgon to hard water causes the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to displace sodium ions from the anion of Calgon.
$C a^{2 +} + N a_{4} P_{6} O_{18}^{2 -} \to 2 N a^{+} + C a N a_{2} P_{6} O_{18}^{2 -}$
This results in the removal of calcium and magnesium ions from hard water in the form of a complex with Calgon. The water is softened and sodium ions are released into water.

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