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Question

Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution? Ti3+, V3+,

Cu+, Sc3+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and Co2+. Give reasons for each.

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Solution

Only the ions that have electrons in d-orbital will be coloured. The ions in which d-orbital is empty will be colourless.

Element

Atomic Number

Ionic State

Electronic configuration in ionic state

Ti

22

T13+

[Ar] 3d1

V

23

V3+

[Ar] 3d2

Cu

29

Cu+

[Ar] 3d10

Sc

21

Sc3+

[Ar]

Mn

25

Mn2+

[Ar] 3d5

Fe

26

Fe3+

[Ar] 3d5

Co

27

Co2+

[Ar] 3d7

From the above table, it can be easily observed that only Sc3+ has an empty d-orbital. All other ions, except Sc3+, will be coloured in aqueous solution because of dd transitions.


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