Question

prepare note on pathogens.describe any two communicable disease in human beings along with their mode of transmission and preventive measures.

Answer 1

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases in humans, animals and plants.
​Some common human diseases, their modes of transmission, pathogens involved, and the preventive measures to be taken to avoid the occurrence of these diseases.

Human disease	Pathogen	Mode of transmission	Preventive measures (general)
Tuberculosis Measles Chicken pox Polio	Bacteria Virus Virus Virus	Air Air Air/contact Air/water	Patient should be kept in isolation. Personal belongings of the patient should be kept away from others. Vaccination should be given at a proper age.
Cholera Typhoid	Bacteria Bacteria	Water/food Water	Water should be boiled and food should be properly cooked before consumption. One should maintain personal hygiene and good sanitary habits.
Hepatitis B	Virus	Water	Vaccination should be given. Water should be boiled before consumption.
Malaria	Protozoa	Mosquito	Mosquitoes should not be allowed to breed. This can be done by keeping surroundings clean and dry. Mosquito nets and repellents should be used to avoid contact with mosquitoes.