Question

Question 42

What is an ionic bond? With tw suitable examples the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

Answer 1

Ionic bond The bond formed. as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions were termed as the electrovalent bond or ionic bond. e.g., the formation of NaCl from sodium and chlorine can be explained as

$\underset{\left[Ne\right]3s^1}{Na}\to \underset{\left[Ne\right]}{N{a}^{+}}+e^{-}\underset{\left[Ne\right]3s^2{p}^5}{Cl}+e\to \underset{\left[Ne\right]3s^{2}3p^6}{C{l}^{-}}N{a}^{+}+C{l}^{-}\to NaCl\text{or}N{a}^{+}C{l}^{-}$

Similarly, the formation of $Ca{F}_2$ may be shown as

$\underset{\left[Ar\right]4s^2}{Ca}\to \underset{\left[Ar\right]}{C{a}^{2+}}+2e^{-}\underset{\left[He\right]2s^{2}2p^5}{F}+e^{-}\to \underset{\left[He\right]2s^{2}2p^6\text{or}\left[Ne\right]}{F^{-}}C{a}^{2+}+2F^{-}\to Ca{F}_2\text{or}C{a}^{2+}(F^{-}{)}_2$

Covalent bond The bond formed between the two atoms by mutual sharing of electrons between them is called covalent bond. e.g., the formation of chlorine molecule can be explained as

Similarly, in the formation of HCl