Question

Short / Long answer type questions.
Discuss the structure and role of the following organelles during the division, growth and differentiation of a cell plasmalemma, endoplasmic reticulum, spindle, ribosomes, chromosomes.

Answer 1

• Plasmalemma is the first part of the cell that gets affected due to the changes in the external environment and it has receptors that allow the cell to perceive signals and respond to them.
• The major function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the detoxification of the body from drugs consumed and metabolic wastes produced. The major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is protein synthesis and their folding into proper quaternary structures.
• Spindles fibres of the spindle apparatus help in the movement of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during cell division.
• Ribosomes are organelles found in the cells. They are involved in the synthesis of proteins. They usually lack membrane and are found freely floating in the cytoplasm.
• Chromatin is a mass of genetic material located in the nucleus of our cells that are composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.
• The major function of the chromosomes in terms of inheritance is the transfer of information (about genes in the form of alleles or traits) from one generation to the next.