Short / Long answer type questions .
Give the anatomical (internal structure) differences between a dicot stem and a monocot stem.

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Solution

Character Dicot stem Monocot stem
Ground tissue Differentiated in cortex and pith. No such differentiation.
Hypodermis Collenchymatous cells found Sclerenchymatous cells found.
Endodermis Single layered Absent
Pericycle Parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous cells found Absent.
Vascular bundle Uniform size
Arranged in ring form
Conjoint and open. Larger towards centre
Scattered
Conjoint and closed
Pith Situated in the centre Absent
Medullary rays Found in between vascular bundles Absent
Stele Conjoint, collateral, open Conjoint, collateral, closed

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Draw illustrations to bring out anatomical difference between

(a) Monocot root and dicot root

(b) Monocot stem and dicot stem

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Character	Dicot stem	Monocot stem
Ground tissue	Differentiated in cortex and pith.	No such differentiation.
Hypodermis	Collenchymatous cells found	Sclerenchymatous cells found.
Endodermis	Single layered	Absent
Pericycle	Parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous cells found	Absent.
Vascular bundle	Uniform size Arranged in ring form Conjoint and open.	Larger towards centre Scattered Conjoint and closed
Pith	Situated in the centre	Absent
Medullary rays	Found in between vascular bundles	Absent
Stele	Conjoint, collateral, open	Conjoint, collateral, closed