Dear student,
Answer is 3) insertional inactivation of alpha galactosidase in recombinant bacteria.
Non recombinant bacteria forms blue colonies due to the activation of the enzyme alpha galactosidase which hydrolyses alpha glyctosyl moiety from glycolipid and glycoproteins. But when recombinant bacteria is formed, the gene (GLA) encoding alpha galactosidase enzyme becomes inactivated due to which white colony of bacteria is formed.
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