State the melting point, boiling point, specific heat capacity, specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporization of water.

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Solution

Melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid under atmospheric conditions. The two states of matter, solid and liquid exist in equilibrium at melting point. In case of water, 273 K i.e. 0 degree celsius is considered as the melting point.
Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at the vapour pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the pressure of the surroundings due to which liquid starts changing into vapour. The vapour and the liquid form exist in equilibrium at boiling point. In case of Water, 100 degree celsius i.e., 373 K is considered as the boiling point. standard boiling point is the the temperature at which boiling occurs at pressure of 1 bar whereas the normal boiling point is the temperature at which boiling occurs at pressure of 1 atm.
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 degree celsius.
Specific latent heat of fusion of water is the heat energy required to convert 1 kg of water from ice to liquid without changing its temperature.
Specific latent heat of vapourisation of water is the heat energy required to convert 1 kg of water from liquid to vapour without changing its temperature.

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(a) Which property of water enables it to modify the climate?

(b) The density of water varies with temperature. What are its consequences?

(c) State the melting point, boiling point, specific heat capacity, specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporization of water.

50 g m

ice at -

10^{0} C

is mixed with

20 g m

steam at

100^{0} C .

When the mixture finally reaches its steady state inside a calorimeter of water equivalent

1.5 g m

then : [Assume calorimeter was initially at

0^{0} C,

Take latent heat of vaporization of water

= 540

cal/gm, Latent heat of fusion of water

= 80

cal/gm, specific heat capacity of water

= 1 c a l / g m -^{0} C,

specific heat capacity of ice

= {0.5 cal/ gm}^{0} C

]

10 g of ice at $0^{o} C$ absorbs 5460 J of heat energy to melt and change to water at $50^{o} C$ . Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J $k g^{-} 1 K^{- 1}$ .

Calculate the amount of heat required to convert 1.00 kg of ice at -10°C at normal pressure to steam at 100°C. Specific heat capacity of ice = 2100 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹ , latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 × 10⁵ J kg⁻¹ , specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg ⁻¹ K⁻¹ and latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.25 × 10⁶ J kg⁻¹

Q. Define the following:
(a) Specific latent heat of fusion
(b) Specific latent heat of vaporisation

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