Question

State the scientific and eco-friendly methods of waste management. [Textbook question 3b pg no. 107]

Answer 1

Answer:
Following are the scientific and eco-friendly methods of waste management:

• Waste separation: In this method, dry and wet wastes are separated, stored and later collected for proper use.
• Composting: The decomposition of degradable kitchen waste in small pits in the backyard, garden or terrace is called composting. Good quality manure can be produced by composting leftover food, peels of fruits, vegetables etc.
• Vermicomposting: Converting solid waste into manure or compost with the help of earthworms is called vermicomposting.
• Vermicompost manure is highly nutritious and can be used for agricultural purposes and garden plants.
• Secured landfill: Solid waste is disposed off in secured landfills.
• The site for the secured landfill is selected a minimum of 2 km away from water bodies and human habitation.
• Care is taken to see that the site does not fall into a sensitive zone.
• The landfills are layered with clay and plastic and then the garbage is spread and left to decompose naturally.
• Pyrolysis: In this method, the waste is heated to a high temperature to obtain gas and electricity.
• Semi-combustible waste is burnt in pyrolysis. It is suitable for municipal solid waste management.
• Incineration: Biomedical waste is burnt in incinerators to kill the pathogens. Disinfection and sterilisation are also done while treating the biomedical waste.