State your observation:
Dilute $H C l$ is added to sodium carbonate crystals.

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Solution

On adding dilute $H C l$ to sodium carbonate crystals:
Sodium carbonate crystals on reaction with dilute $H C l$ form sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide gas, which is evolved with brisk effervescence. This is a neutralisation reaction because sodium carbonate is a basic salt, while hydrochloric acid is an acid.
The chemical equation for this reaction is as follows:
$N a_{2} C O_{3} + 2 H C l \to 2 N a C l + H_{2} O + C O_{2}$

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