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Dalton's Atomic Theory

The concept o...

Question

The concept of atom based on experimental observation first came from:

A

Dalton's atomic theory

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B

Law of conservation of mass

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C

Law of mass theory

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D

Law of chemical combination

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Solution

The correct option is A Dalton's atomic theory
Atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.Although philosophers like Democritus had earlier put forward this idea, Dalton was the first to base the theory on experimental observations.

Law of conservation of mass and law of chemical combination can be explained by Dalton's theory.

Option C, law of mass theory does not exist.

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Q. Dalton based his relative atomic weight scale on :

Q. Assertion :The concepts of atom was firstly used by Dalton. Reason: Atom is the smallest particle of matter that takes part in a chemical reaction. Atom is also defined as the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of an element.

Q. We know that balancing of a chemical equation is entirely based on law of conservation of mass. However the concept of Principle of Atom Conservation (POAC) can also be related to law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction. So, POAC can also act as a technique for balancing a chemical equation. For example, for a reaction :

A B C_{3} \to A B + C_{2}

On applying POAC for A, B & C and relating the 3 equations, we get :

\frac{n_{A} B C_{3}}{2} = \frac{n_{A B}}{2} = \frac{n_{C_{2}}}{3}

n_{x} :

number of moles of X) Thus, the coefficients of

A B C_{3}, A B & C_{2}

in the balanced chemical equation will be 2, 2 & 3 respectively and the balanced chemical equation can be represented as :

2 A B C_{3} \to 2 A B + 3 C_{2}

Now answer the following question :

If the atomic masses of X and Y are 10 & 30 respectively, then the mass of

X Y_{3}

formed when 120 g

Y_{2}

reacts completely with sufficient amount of X is : Reaction

X + Y_{2} \to X Y_{3}

Q. According to Dalton, atoms of different elements combine with one another to form:

Q. Assertion :The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of conservation of mass. Reason: Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.

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