The decreasing order of priority for the following functional groups is:
I. R−OH II. R−C≡C−R
III. R−O−R IV. R−NH2
Formula | Function | Sufix (main function) | Prefix (secondary function) | Example |
R−O||C−OH | Acid | -oic acid | carboxyl- | CH3−COOH Ethanoic acid |
R−O||C−O−R′ | Ester | -yl -oate | CH3−COO−CH3 Methyl ethanoate | |
R−O||C−NH2 | Amide | -amide | carboxamido | CH3−CH2−CONH2 Propanamide |
R−C≡N | Nitrile | -nitrile (cyanide) | cyano- | CH3−CN Ethanenitrile Methyl cyanide |
R−O||C−H | Aldehyde | -al | oxo- | CH3−CH2−CHO Propanal |
R−O||C−R′ | Ketone | -one | oxo- | CH3−CO−CH3 Propanone |
R−OH | Alcohol | -ol | hydroxi- | CH3−CH2OH Ethanol |
R−NH2 | Amine | -amine | amion- | CH3−CH2−NH2 Ethylamine |
R−O−R′ | Ether | -yl...yleter | oxa- | CH3−O−CH2−CH3 Ethylmethyleter |
>C=C< | Alkyne | -ene | CH3−CH=CH2 Propyne | |
−C≡C− | Alkyne | -yne | CH3−CH=CH2 Propene | |
R−NO2 | Nitro | nitro- | CH3−CH2−NO2 Nitroethane | |
R−X | Halide | fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- | CH3−CH2Br Bromoethane | |
−R | Radical | yl- | CH3−CH3|CH−CH3 Methylpropane |