The gas produced when an acid reacts with marble is
Carbon dioxide
Marble contains calcium carbonate which is a metal carbonate. When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, then metal salt, carbon dioxide, and water are formed. Take the example of hydrochloric acid reacting with marble. When hydrochloric acid will react with marble, calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water will be formed.
2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)→CaCl2(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)