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Question

The gaseous potassium chloride molecule has a measured dipole moment of 10.0 D, which indicates that it is a very polar molecule. The separation between the nuclei in this molecule is 2.67×108 cm. The percentage covalent character in KCl molecule is:

A
78 %
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B
22 %
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C
80 %
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D
25 %
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Solution

The correct option is B 22 %
Given, μobserved=10 D
For compound (KCl) to be 100 % ionic, charge on each atom =4.8×1010 esu
Theoretical dipole moment, μtheoretical=(4.8×1010 esu)(2.67×108 cm)
μtheoretical=12.8×1018 esu.cm=12.8 D
% ionic character=μobservedμtheoretical×100=1012.8×100 % =78.125 %
Hence, % covalent character=10078.125%=21.875% ~ 22 %

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