Plasmids are extra chromosomal, circular, non-essential, double- standard, autonomous, self-replicating pieces of DNA. The gene of interest is inserted at restriction enzyme site located in any one of the antibiotic resistance genes or selectable marker gene. The restriction sites are Hind III, EcoR I, BamH I, Sal I, Pvu I, Pst I, Cla I and the selectable markers are ampR and tetR.