Question

The government of India had introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in 1980s and 1990s. Support this statement with examples.

Answer 1

Dear Student

Various institutional reforms were introduced by the government to improve agriculture and increase the interest of the farmers in the year 1980s and 1990s

1. Zamindari system have been abolished so that more land can be distributed among the poor farmers.

2. There has been consolidation of land holdings by combining small farms into larger ones and insisting individual land owners to engage in cooperative farming.

3. Some land reform measures have been taken.

4. Certain schemes like the Crop Insurance have been introduced to provide financial assistance to the farmers at the time of natural disasters, crop destruction by pests and diseases etc.

5. Cooperative Societies and Grameen Banks have been introduced to provide loans to the farmers at low interests for making investments in agriculture.

6. Regarding technological reforms, Green Revolution is the major reform that took place in the field of agriculture. It revolutionised agriculture by increasing production of crops and farmland, using high quality seeds and agricultural implements and improving the irrigation system.

7. Apart from this, government have launched personal benefit schemes like Kisan Credit Card,Personal Accident Insurance Scheme etc. Land Ceiling Act has also been passed which put restrictions on a person or a family in owning land.To stop exploitation of farmers by middlemen, government has introduced the Minimum Support Prices.

Regards