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Question

The polarising action of Cd2+ ion over anions is stronger than that of Ca2+ because:

A
The charges of the ions are same
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B
Their radii are similar (Ca2+=0.104 nm; Cd2+=0.099 nm)
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C
Ca2+ ion has a noble gas electronic configuration and the Cd2+ ion has a 18e electronic configuration in the outer shell
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D
All the above are correct
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Solution

The correct option is C Ca2+ ion has a noble gas electronic configuration and the Cd2+ ion has a 18e electronic configuration in the outer shell
20Ca:[Ar]4s2
Ca2+:[Ar] noble gas configuration
48Cd:[Kr]5s24d10
Cd2+:[Kr]4d10
or,
Cd2+:1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10
2+6+10=18
Cd2+:[Kr]4d10 18e electronic configuration

The outer most d-orbital cannot shield the nuclear charge as much and hence, the polarisation of Cd2+>Ca2+.

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