Question

The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with the help of two special types of

• A. Natural killer cells and Macrophages
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Antiviral proteins
• D. Macrophages and interferons

Answer 1

The correct option is B

Lymphocytes

The correct option is B.

Explanation of the correct option:

1. Immune responses to antigens can be classified as either primary or secondary.
2. The initial immunological response to an antigen happens on the first exposure to it.
3. This reaction can last up to 14 days and results in the formation of memory cells with high specificity for the triggering antigen.
4. One of the most significant aspects of the immune system is the secondary immunological response.
5. The immune system can eradicate the antigen met by the individual during the main invasion more quickly and efficiently during the secondary immune reaction.
6. A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.
7. Cells of the blood: white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets are all found in the blood.
8. The body's arteries and veins carry blood everywhere.
9. Lymphocytes that would ordinarily respond to self molecules are either induced to change their receptors, induced to kill themselves, inactivated, or inhibited so that the adaptive immune system normally responds only to alien antigens.
10. Both B and T cells constantly move between the blood and the lymph.

Explanations of the incorrect options:

Option A:

1. The interaction between macrophages and natural killer cells (NK) is an important first-line defense against infections (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites).
2. The recruitment and activation of NK cells to perform cytotoxicity or generate cytokines in areas of inflammation are critical for infection control.

Option C:

1. Antiviral proteins are proteins that human or animal cells produce to prevent viral multiplication.
2. These proteins are extracted to prevent the virus from reproducing in the cells of the host and from spreading to other cells.
3. The antiviral immune response can be separated into two phases: an early, nonspecific phase involving innate immune mechanisms (usually the first 5 to 7 days of infection), and a later, adaptive immunity phase involving T and B cells that is antigen-specific.

Option D:

1. Macrophages are white blood cells that surround and kill pathogens, remove dead cells, and activate other immune system cells.
2. Interferons are proteins that are produced as part of our body's natural defenses.
3. They alert our immune system to the presence of pathogens or cancer cells in our bodies.
4. And they activate killer immune cells to combat the invaders.
5. Interferons are so-called because they "interfere" with viruses, preventing them from replicating.

Final answer: The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes.