Question

The principle of ‘parallax’ in section 2.3.1 is used in the determination of distances of very distant stars. The baseline AB is the line joining the Earth’s two locations six months apart in its orbit around the Sun. That is, the baseline is about the diameter of the Earth’s orbit » 3 × 10¹¹m. However, even the nearest stars are so distant that with such a long baseline, they show parallax only of the order of 1” (second) of arc or so. A parsec is a convenient unit of length on the astronomical scale. It is the distance of an object that will show a parallax of 1” (second of arc) from opposite ends of a baseline equal to the distance from the Earth to the Sun. How much is a parsec in terms of metres ?

Answer 1

Given, the diameter of the Earth’s orbit is 3× 10 11  m .

Let the radius of the Earth’s orbit is r and the distance of the star is D.

Parsec is the distance at which the average radius of the Earth orbit subtends an angle of 1 ″ .

Converting the 1'' second of arc into radian,

θ=1'' =1"× π 180° × 1° 3600'' =4.85× 10 −6  rad

The angle subtends by the Earth from the center of its orbit is

θ= r D D= r θ

Substitute the given value in the above expression,

D= 3× 10 11  m/2 1" = 1.5× 10 11  m 4.85× 10 −6  rad =3.092× 10 16  m ≅3× 10 16  m

Thus, 1 parsec can be defined as 3.092× 10 16  m in terms unit of length.