The process of duplication of chromosomes is observed in interphase (or early prophase). The particular stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which this occurs is termed the -
S or Synthesis stage
After every round of mitosis (M phase), each daughter cell proceeds to interphase to prepare itself for the actual cell (nuclear) division. Interphase includes 3 stages - G1 (gap 1) phase, S (synthesis) phase and G2 (gap 2) phase. DNA synthesis, i.e., the process of duplication of chromosomes or DNA content begins in S phase and is regarded as the replication stage.