The radius of $N a^{+}$ cation is less than that of Na atom. Give reason.

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Solution

When an atom loses an electron to form cation, its radius decreases. In a cation , per electron nuclear forces increases due to decrease in number of electrons. As a result of this , effective nuclear charge increases and the radius of cation decreases, e.g., ionic radius of $N a^{+}$ is smaller than the radius of its parent atom Na.
$\begin{matrix} N a ⟶ & N a^{+} & + 1 e^{-} E l e c t r o n s & 11 & 10 N u c l e a r c h a r g e & 11 & 11 I o n i c s i z e & 186 p m & 95 p m \end{matrix}$

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