A symbol is a short form that stands for an atom of a specific element.
Each element has a specific symbol for example C stands for carbon.
Berzelius's system gives symbols to elements:
Each element is denoted by the symbol which is usually the first letter of their English or Latin name. (Commonly non-metals). For example, Nitrogen-N, Oxygen-O
When the first letter of two elements is the same then the next letter is used. The first letter is in upper case and the second in lower case. For example, Cobalt-Co, Calcium-Ca.
When the first two letters of two elements are the same then the next prominent letter is used. For example, Magnesium-Mg, Manganese-Mn
Some symbols are based on Latin or German or Greek names. For example, Potassium-K(kalium).