The three main parts of the ear contributing to hearing are
Cochlea, ear ossicles and tympanum
The sound waves are received by the external ear pinna. These sounds waves then move in the ear and vibrate the tympanic membrane (also called eardrum).
The tympanic membrane is attached to a bone called malleus, which in turn is joined to a bone called incus and which is again joined to one called stapes. When the tympanic membrane vibrates, it also vibrates the chain of bones with it accordingly and with the vibration of the last bone the stapes, the fluid within the inner ear cochlea is moved. Thus the cells generate an impulse in the system of the inner ear(contained in the bony snail-shaped portion of the ear called cochlea). From cochlea, the nerve impulses are then carried to the brain where the details of the sound are analysed. It is at the brain level that the sound is differentiated and the speech is understood in minute details.