DNA is also called a three-dimensional double helix. It looks much like a twisted ladder, and the backbone of the ladder is made of sugar phosphates. The sugar in DNA -- deoxyribose -- is where the name deoxyribonucleic acid comes from. Deoxyribose is a modified form of the sugar ribose, which is the sugar that RNA is made of. The DNA ladder rungs are made from four organic bases, called cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. Biologists shorten these terms to C, T, A, and G. Each rung contains two organic bases, but A can only pair with T, while C can only pair with G.