Three organic compounds A, B and C have the following molecular formulae :
A $C_{4} H_{8} O_{2}$
B $C_{4} H_{10} O$
C $C_{4} H_{8} O$
(a) Which compound contains an alcohol group? Write its name and structural formula.
(b) Which compound contains a carboxyl group? Write its name and structural formula.
(c) Which molecular formula can represent an aldehyde as well as a ketone? Write the names and structural formulae of the aldehyde and ketone represented by this molecular formula.

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Solution

a) The organic compound 'B' comprises an alcohol group. Butanol is the name of the compound, and its formula is $C_{4} H_{9} O H$ .
Its structural formula is as follows:

(b) The organic compound 'A' contains a carboxyl group. The name of the acid is butanoic acid, and its formula is $C_{3} H_{7} C O O H$ . Its structural formula is as follows:

(c) Compound 'C' $(C_{4} H_{8} O)$ , represents the molecular formula of an aldehyde as well as a ketone. The aldehyde represented by this formula is butanal $C_{3} H_{7} C H O)$ .
The ketone represented by this formula is butanone $(C H_{3} - O | | C - C H_{2} - C H_{3})$ .
Their structural formulae are as follows:

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