Three organic compounds A, B and C have the following molecular formulae:

A C₄H₈O₂
B C₄H₁₀O
C C₄H₈O
(a) Which compound contains an alcohol group? Write its name and structural formula.
(b) Which compound contains a carboxyl group? Write its name and structural formula.
(c) Which molecular formula can represent an aldehyde as well as a ketone? Write the names and structural formulae of the aldehyde and ketone represented by this molecular formula.

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Solution

a) The organic compound 'B' comprises an alcohol group. Butanol is the name of the compound, and its formula is C₄H₉OH.
Its structural formula is as follows:

(b) The organic compound 'A' contains a carboxyl group. The name of the acid is butanoic acid, and its formula is C₃H₇COOH. Its structural formula is as follows:

(c) Compound 'C' (C₄H₈O), represents the molecular formula of an aldehyde as well as a ketone. The aldehyde represented by this formula is butanal (C₃H₇CHO).
The ketone represented by this formula is butanone (CH₃COCH₂CH₃).
Their structural formulae are as follows:

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