Water can be separated from alcohol by
Water can be separated from alcohol by
The correct option is C Fractional distillation
The explanation for the correct option:
(C) Fractional distillation
Fractional Distillation:
Principle: This process works on the basis of differences in the boiling points of different miscible liquids.
- Miscible liquids can be separated by the process of thermometer fractional distillation.
- The separation of a mixture of liquids by distillation is called fractional distillation.
- This is based on the principle that different liquids have different boiling points.
- A mixture of alcohol and water can be separated by fractional distillation.
- Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water and therefore evaporates first.
- The vapor of alcohol gets condensed in the condenser and alcohol is collected in the flask.
- Water having a higher boiling point is left behind in the distillation flask. This technique is used when the difference between boiling points of two liquids is 25°C or more.
- Petrol, diesel, and kerosene are obtained from crude petroleum by the process of fractional distillation.
The explanation for incorrect options:
(A) Sublimation
Principle: This process is used to separate a mixture in which one constituent sublimes.
- Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes to a gas without passing through the liquid state.
- A substance is said to be sublime if it passes from the solid state directly into the gaseous state without changing into a liquid.
- Substances such as ammonium chloride, camphor, and naphthalene undergo sublimation.
(B) Separating funnel
Using a Separating Funnel
Principle: This works on the basis that when two liquids are immiscible, they settle in layers. The heavier liquid is below and the lighter above.
- Immiscible liquids can be separated using a separating funnel.
- The heavier liquid of the two immiscible liquids forms the lower layer and the lighter liquid forms the top layer.
- A mixture of mustard oil and water can be separated using a separating funnel.
- The mixture is placed in a separating funnel and is allowed to stand for some time.
- Two layers of the components are observed.
- The lighter liquid (oil) forms the top layer and water being heavier forms the lower layer.
- The heavier liquid comes out first on opening the stopper of the funnel and is collected in a container.
- The stopper of the funnel is closed once the lower layer is transferred completely.
- The lighter liquid remains in the separating funnel.
- This method can be used to separate mixtures of oil and water, petrol and water, and carbon tetrachloride and water.
(D) Paper chromatography.
• It is used as a quantitative process to identify the components of a mixture. few minutes later
• It is used in several scientific studies to identify unknown organic and inorganic compounds present in a mixture.
• It is used as an analytical chemistry technique to identify and separate colored mixtures such as pigments.
• It is used to separate amino acids.
• It is used to analyze reaction mixtures in biochemistry labs.
• It is used to detect the presence of contaminants in food items and various drinks.
• It is used to detect various hormones and drugs in pharmaceutical industries.
Hence option C is correct.
Fractional distillation
The explanation for the correct option:
(C) Fractional distillation
Fractional Distillation:
Principle: This process works on the basis of differences in the boiling points of different miscible liquids.
- Miscible liquids can be separated by the process of thermometer fractional distillation.
- The separation of a mixture of liquids by distillation is called fractional distillation.
- This is based on the principle that different liquids have different boiling points.
- A mixture of alcohol and water can be separated by fractional distillation.
- Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water and therefore evaporates first.
- The vapor of alcohol gets condensed in the condenser and alcohol is collected in the flask.
- Water having a higher boiling point is left behind in the distillation flask. This technique is used when the difference between boiling points of two liquids is 25°C or more.
- Petrol, diesel, and kerosene are obtained from crude petroleum by the process of fractional distillation.
The explanation for incorrect options:
(A) Sublimation
Principle: This process is used to separate a mixture in which one constituent sublimes.
- Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes to a gas without passing through the liquid state.
- A substance is said to be sublime if it passes from the solid state directly into the gaseous state without changing into a liquid.
- Substances such as ammonium chloride, camphor, and naphthalene undergo sublimation.
(B) Separating funnel
Using a Separating Funnel
Principle: This works on the basis that when two liquids are immiscible, they settle in layers. The heavier liquid is below and the lighter above.
- Immiscible liquids can be separated using a separating funnel.
- The heavier liquid of the two immiscible liquids forms the lower layer and the lighter liquid forms the top layer.
- A mixture of mustard oil and water can be separated using a separating funnel.
- The mixture is placed in a separating funnel and is allowed to stand for some time.
- Two layers of the components are observed.
- The lighter liquid (oil) forms the top layer and water being heavier forms the lower layer.
- The heavier liquid comes out first on opening the stopper of the funnel and is collected in a container.
- The stopper of the funnel is closed once the lower layer is transferred completely.
- The lighter liquid remains in the separating funnel.
- This method can be used to separate mixtures of oil and water, petrol and water, and carbon tetrachloride and water.
(D) Paper chromatography.
• It is used as a quantitative process to identify the components of a mixture. few minutes later
• It is used in several scientific studies to identify unknown organic and inorganic compounds present in a mixture.
• It is used as an analytical chemistry technique to identify and separate colored mixtures such as pigments.
• It is used to separate amino acids.
• It is used to analyze reaction mixtures in biochemistry labs.
• It is used to detect the presence of contaminants in food items and various drinks.
• It is used to detect various hormones and drugs in pharmaceutical industries.
Hence option C is correct.
