Industrial wastewater discharges significant amounts of fluoride into waterways.
Meanwhile, soil contamination occurs in locations where industries emit fluoride into the air, as well as in areas where phosphate fertilizers are used.
Fluoride accumulates in plant foliage and is primarily absorbed by the atmosphere or through soil root absorption, resulting in reduced plant growth and productivity.
Long-term exposure to fluoride can lead to skeletal fluorosis, a disorder in which fluoride accumulates in the bones.
Fluoride poisoning can cause fluoroderma, which causes acne and painful blisters.